Mitochondrial Function in Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cellular Reprogramming

Thematic Synopsis : Cellular Reprogramming & Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The endothelium plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, regulating the tone of the vascular wall, and its interaction with circulating blood elements. Alterations in endothelial functions facilitate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and permit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and by gest on O cber 7, 2017 http://circhajournals.org/ D ow nladed from

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Challenges and Opportunities

Regenerative capacity of mammals is limited and can rarely regenerate a specific organ or tissue fully. Due to these limitations, regenerative medicine seeks efficient and safe cell sources for regeneration of damaged tissues and organs or treatment for incurable diseases. Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) hold two important properties called self renewal and pluripotency. However, the use of ...

PLurIPOtent Stem CeLLS And rePrOgrAmmIng In humAn And fArm AnImALS

Mitochondrial regulation in pluripotent stem cells.

Due to their fundamental role in energy production, mitochondria have been traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell. Recent discoveries have suggested crucial roles of mitochondria in the maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation, and reprogramming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While glycolytic energy production is observed at pluripotent states, an increase in mitochon...

Concealing cellular defects in pluripotent stem cells.

Inherent and acquired defects in gene expression, protein homeostasis, metabolic pathways, and organelle function are linked to aging and a wide range of human diseases. Although concealed or dormant in the embryonic stage, they often manifest later in life. We review and discuss recent observations on how somatic cells bearing specific phenotypic defects can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent ...